Background: Rotary instruments enhance the quality of obturation by providing conical shape to the root canal. Abstract Nickle titanium (NiTi) alloy instruments inherent flexibility that allows the files to preserve the original anatomy of curved canals and reduce the chances of procedural errors. The present study was designed to comparatively evaluate the cleaning efficacy of Mtwo NiTi rotary files and hand K-files. Material and methods: After approval of the study protocol, we selected 30 extracted maxillary incisors. The teeth were randomly grouped into three groups, Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 with 10 teeth in each group. The instrumentation of specimens of group 1 was done using stainless steel K-files, in group 2 was done using Mtwo NiTi rotary files and in group 3 only irrigation was done without any instrumentation (Control group). After completion of instrumentation, the specimens were decalcified and claed. The cleared specimens were viewed under stereo microscope at 10X for checking the amount of residual india ink at coronal, middle and apical region of the canals and scored from 0 to 3. Results: On comparing the control group with K-files and Mtwo rotary files, we observed that both the techniques were able to remove the ink from the canals. Statistically significant difference was observed in the apical, middle and coronal thirds of root canals on comparing control group with Group1 and 2. On comparison between Group 1 and 2, non-significant difference was observed in the cleaning efficiency of the canals at apical, middle and coronal region. Conclusion: Based on the findings of present study, we conclude that manual K-files were similar in cleaning effectiveness to Mtwo rotary systems in cleaning tooth root canals. Keywords: K files, Mtwo files, Rotary instruments, Root canal.