The use of dental implants is now a widely accepted treatment modality for fully and partially edentulous patients.1 The success of this approach is rooted in the inherent ability of some dental materials, titanium in particular, to osseointegrate, thereby creating direct bone-to-implant contact. Further improvements toward the successful osseointegration of dental implants have involved modifications to both surface topography and surface chemistry.2 Although osseointegrated implants are routinely used for the rehabilitation of partially or totally edentulous patients, presenting high long-term survival rates; biological and technical complications may result in implant failure and loss. Implant failures have been reported in frequencies varying from 1% up to 22%.3 Factors affecting implant failure are diverse and are related to patient systemic status, age and social habits, implant macro- /micro-design and surface chemical composition, implant position, bone quality, and surgical technique.4