Background:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a severe complication in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Hence; we planned the present study to assess various risk factors for spontaneous ascites fluid infection in cirrhosis patients planned to undergo therapeutic paracentesis. Materials & method: We planned the present study to assess various risk factors for spontaneous ascites fluid infection in cirrhosis patients planned to undergo therapeutic paracentesis. A total of 100 cirrhosis patients planned to undergo therapeutic paracentesis were included in the present study. Therapeutic paracentesis was carried out in all the patients. Collection of Ascitic fluid was done under septic conditions. Examination of the Ascitic fluid was done for assessing the leucocyte count, protein and albumin levels. Diagnosis of Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) was done on the basis of positive Ascitic fluid culture and an elevated ascitic fluid absolute polymorphonuclear count. All the results were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The prevalence of Ascitic fluid infection in the present study was 2 percent. Positive culture was found to be present in three out of four patients with positive Ascites infection. Mean age of the patients with and without Ascitic fluid infection was found to be 50.5 and 48.2 years respectively. Mean serum albumin levels and Ascitic fluid protein levels among patients with Ascitic fluid infection were found to be 3 and 1.15 g/dL respectively. Conclusion: In patients undergoing therapeutic paracentesis, occurrence of spontaneous Ascitic fluid infection is significantly infrequent, along with absence of any major risk factors. Key words: Ascites, Cirrhosis, Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis