Background: One of the primary objective of root canal therapy is to retain every primary tooth as a fully functional component in the dental arch. To fulfil this major goal, vital pulp therapy through pulpotomy is the most widely accepted technique for treating primary teeth with irreversible inflammation affecting the pulp chamber. Hence; we planned the present study to assess the success of endodontic therapy in primary molars. Materials & Methods: The present study included assessment of the success of root canal therapy of primary molars. A total of 150 paediatric patients were selected for the present study that fulfilled the inclusion and the exclusion criteria. After meeting the exclusion and inclusion criteria for the selection of the teeth, a total of 85 teeth were selected for the present study. Patients were asked to return every 6 months for recall examinations. RCT was considered successful if clinically the tooth was painless, presenting healthy surrounding soft tissues. All the results were recorded and analyzed. Results: Success and failure number for amalgam restorations was 47 and 2 respectively. For composite restorations, 4 restorations were successful while only 1 restoration was failure. In case of over-filled and under-filled restorations, 30 and 18 restorations were successful while 10 and 2 restorations failed respectively. Conclusion: Higher attention should be given to the paediatric patients of less than 5 years of age as they are more prone for the development of carious lesions. Key words: Molar, Primary, Root canal therapy